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High-yield MCAT facts for General and Organic Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry and Psychology/Sociology: key equations, rate-limiting enzymes, reactions, lab techniques and the concepts that come up again and again. Biology is in its own deck, MCAT Biology.
۱۲ کارت اول از ۲۲۰ — رو و پشت هر کارت
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids?
Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan
Polar, uncharged amino acids?
Serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, tyrosine
Acidic (negatively charged at pH 7.4) amino acids?
Aspartate (D) and glutamate (E)
Basic (positively charged) amino acids?
Lysine (K), arginine (R), histidine (H)
Only achiral amino acid?
Glycine (R group is H)
Which L-amino acid has R configuration?
Cysteine (the CH₂SH group raises its priority); all other chiral L-amino acids are S
Amino acid that breaks α-helices?
Proline (rigid ring, no backbone N–H)
Amino acid that forms disulfide bonds?
Cysteine (oxidation of two –SH groups → cystine)
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation?
pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
pI of a neutral amino acid?
Average of the two pKa values: (pKa₁ + pKa₂)/2
pI of an acidic vs a basic amino acid?
Acidic: average of the two lowest pKas. Basic: average of the two highest pKas
Primary protein structure is held by?
Peptide (amide) bonds — the amino acid sequence