Anatomy: Head and Neck

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1. What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

   Midline of the neck (medial), anterior border of sternocleidomastoid (lateral), inferior border of the mandible (superior)

2. What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

   Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, anterior border of trapezius, middle third of the clavicle

3. Subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

   Submental, submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular triangles

4. Subdivisions of the posterior triangle?

   Occipital and omoclavicular (subclavian) triangles (divided by the inferior belly of omohyoid)

5. Sternocleidomastoid: nerve supply and actions?

   Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (+ C2–C3 proprioception); one side tilts the head to the same side and rotates the face to the opposite side; both flex the neck

6. What is torticollis?

   Contracture or fibrosis of sternocleidomastoid causing head tilt to the affected side with chin turned to the opposite side

7. Where does the spinal accessory nerve run in the posterior triangle?

   Superficially, crossing the triangle from SCM to trapezius; vulnerable in lymph-node biopsy

8. Which nerves emerge at Erb's point (nerve point of the neck)?

   Lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves – from the cervical plexus at the posterior border of SCM

9. Which muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?

   Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, and the scalenes (posterior and middle)

10. Which muscles are the suprahyoid muscles?

    Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

11. Which muscles are the infrahyoid (strap) muscles?

    Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

12. Nerve supply of the strap muscles?

    Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3), except thyrohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal nerve)