Bone Anatomy

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1. How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?

   206 bones (about 270 at birth, fusing during growth)

2. Classify bones by shape.

   Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid (and sometimes pneumatic)

3. Example of a long bone?

   Femur, humerus, tibia, radius (long bones are longer than wide)

4. Example of a short bone?

   Carpals and tarsals (roughly cube-shaped)

5. Example of a flat bone?

   Skull bones, sternum, ribs, scapula

6. Example of an irregular bone?

   Vertebrae, sacrum, hip bone, some facial bones

7. What is a sesamoid bone and the largest example?

   A bone embedded in a tendon; the patella is the largest

8. Parts of a long bone?

   Diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), metaphyses (growth zones), articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum

9. What is the epiphyseal plate?

   Hyaline cartilage growth plate between epiphysis and metaphysis responsible for longitudinal growth

10. What is the epiphyseal line?

    Bony remnant of the growth plate after growth stops

11. What is the periosteum?

    Outer connective tissue covering of bone (except at joint surfaces) with fibrous and osteogenic layers; richly supplied with nerves and vessels

12. What is the endosteum?

    Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity, containing osteoprogenitor cells